Things You Can Do to Keep Your Pet Young at Heart


When you think of your children, you make almost no distinction between your two-legged ones and four- legged ones. Unfortunately, our fur babies don't have the same life expectancy as our own human children.  But with some vigilant attention to their diet and mental state, we can keep them with us (depending on the breed) for 12 to 15 years.  In fact, I'm banking on 20 years for my now 11-year-old Shih Tzu.  And I'm willing to undertake any measures that will both prolong her life span, and enrich the quality of her life as well.
Here are tips to keep you and your four-legged kid happily joined at the hip for years to come:

Obesity can shorten your senior pet's life: less food equals longer life
According to Dr. Ernie Ward, author of Chow Hounds: Why Our Dogs Are Getting Fatter - A Vet's Plan to Save Their Lives (2010 HCI) and owner, chief-of-staff at Seaside Animal Care, PA, obesity is a big problem in older pets that can cause and exacerbate many preventable diseases.
"Do your pet a favor and trade the treats for extra playtime," says Dr. Ward. "You just may add years of high-quality life to both of you."
Dr. Ward recommends substituting treats with healthy, whole foods such as carrots, broccoli, asparagus, celery, apples and bananas. Adding plain kefir or yogurt is also a great way to supply essential probiotics without all the calories. 
Exercise more
Regardless of your pet's current physical state, daily walks or play can rewind years' worth of damage and boost your pet's mental and physical health. For dogs, a brisk 20 to 30-minute walk once or twice a day is just what Dr. Ward orders. For cats, interactive toys such as feather dancers, laser lights or remote-controlled toys can get even the laziest cat on its feet. Whatever activities you choose, just do it.
Brain games
To keep mental reflexes sharp, Dr. Ward recommends that pet parents constantly provide their older pets with new experiences. Add a food puzzle, teach a new trick, take a trip to a different dog park or enroll in therapy pet classes. Rotate toys by packing old ones out of sight and offering a "new" one every two to three days.
"Even a simple change such as reversing your normal walking route can provide freshness to an otherwise stale routine," says Dr. Ward. "As often as possible, ask yourself, 'How can I make this more fun or interesting?'"
Don't forget
Older pets tend to have a higher incidence of phobias and anxiety, notes Dr. Ward. If your pet suddenly becomes fearful of thunderstorms or loud noises, has accidents in the house, or begins to wake unexpectedly at night, see your veterinarian. Nutritional supplements, behavior training and medications can also help your older pet maintain normal abilities and combat age-related behavioral changes.
A new pet can breathe life into an older one
In almost 20 years of practicing veterinary medicine, Dr. Ward says he's witnessed one thing innumerable times - a new pet breathes new life into older pets.
"Not long ago I diagnosed a long-time patient, Prince, with a serious form of heart disease. After outlining a treatment plan, I told the owner that my next best advice was a bit unorthodox: get a new puppy," says Dr. Ward. "I shared with her the fact that many times the older pet seems to regain lost vigor and lives much longer than I'd ever dreamed possible whenever a new pet is introduced. What I didn't tell her was that adding a new pet before losing one helps soften the loss."
"Sure enough, two months later she appeared in my office with a brand new puppy and a brand new "old" dog. It had been years since I'd seen Prince prance like that," Dr. Ward says.  "Prince lived another year and-a-half, at least six to 12 months longer than I originally estimated. The beautiful part of the story was that not only did Prince live longer and have a better life than I'd expected, but when it was time to let him go, the owner had a new friend to console her. I'll keep recommending a new, best buddy for every old friend I see."

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QUALITY OF LIFE

When our pets are young and brand new to us, it's easy to remember to visit the vet on a regular basis. However, as time passes, many pet owners don't realize or remember the importance of regular veterinary care. Without regular visits, your pet's health could decline and create internal problems affecting his quality of life. Your pet's quality of life is dependent on the care provided as he ages and his internal systems slow down.
As your pet ages, many of the normal bodily functions do not perform at their optimal capacity. When problems arise in an older pet, they can often be complicated. If these problems are detected early, the chance of treating and correcting them are significantly increased. Early detection begins by first identifying what age category your pet fits into.
How Do You Know When Your Dog Becomes a Senior Dog?
The age of any dog, relative to humans, is primarily based on the size of the breed. Smaller breeds, or those under 20 pounds, age slower while larger breeds, or those over 90 pounds, age much quicker. While an exact determination of the animal's age, relative to a human's, is impossible to measure, these standards can be used to estimate when your dog will be considered a senior:
  • 20 pounds or less = 8 years
  • 21 - 89 pounds = 7 years
  • 90 pounds or more = 5 to 6 years
  • Cats = 7 years
If your pet falls into the senior pet category, it is best to have them examined by a veterinarian twice a year. While this may seem excessive, a yearly visit for an older dog is equivalent to allowing four years to go by without a trip to the doctor for an elderly human. Problems can arise within this time that are easily undetectable by the pet owner and can cause serious problems if left untreated for too long.
What is the Vet Looking for During an Exam?
Initially, the vet is going to look at all your pet's vital signs, such as heart rate and breathing pattern, as well as physical characteristics such as the condition of the eyes, ears, nose and throat.
Behavior is very important as well. Is the animal alert and responsive or dull and depressed? Has water consumption increased? Has urination frequency changed? Does the animal vomit often or have diarrhea? These questions can help determine the overall health of your pet. The vet will check how the bones and joints are holding up. Is stiffness a concern? Does the animal have trouble getting up? Can the dog no longer take long walks or run like they used to? Many animals feel pain and cannot tell their owners.
The veterinarian will also review your pet's medical history. Have the vaccinations been routinely given year after year? Are preventative care programs followed, such as heartworm preventative and flea and tick control? All of these together contribute to the longevity and the quality of life of the animal.
What is the Next Step?
Your veterinarian will discuss the health of your pet with you and make recommendations as to how to sustain a long and healthy life. After all, it is not the number of years, but the quality of those years that matters most.

Copyright: http://www.petco.com/Content/ArticleList/Article/12/2/2528/Quality-of-Life.aspx

FACTS ABOUT FLEAS

Appearance
Small (1/12 - 1/16" long) dark, reddish-brown, wingless, blood-sucking insects. Hard, flattened bodies covered with short spines and long legs adapted for jumping.
Life Cycle
4 stages:
  • egg
  • larva
  • pupa
  • biting adult
Warning Signs
Pets infested with fleas will bite and scratch themselves constantly. Their coats become roughened and the skin can become infected. Watch for excessive scratching and use a flea comb on your pet regularly, checking for black specks or "flea dirt." The usual flea bite has a small red spot where the flea has bitten.
Flea-Related Problems
Besides the discomfort even one flea bite can cause people and pets, there are more serious medical concerns that may result from fleas.
Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD) - Some pets or people may develop an allergy to flea saliva. Even one flea bite can result in significant irritation, itchiness and aggravation that lasts up to 5 days. It is characterized by small scabs and redness at the bite site, hair loss and secondary infection. The primary treatment is to remove the existing fleas and prevent future flea bites.
Tape Worms - this intestinal parasite is a common ailment associated with fleas. Though not transmitted by bites, fleas cause tape worms when a pet ingests a flea carrying the tapeworm larva while grooming itself. After ingestion, the tapeworm larva develop and move through the gastrointestinal tract. The parasite segments resemble small pieces of rice and may be discovered around the anal region of your pet.
Flea Bite Anemia - occurs in severe flea infestations or in very young pets. When a flea bites, it feeds on blood. With many fleas feeding at the same time, significant blood loss can occur, resulting in severe anemia. Blood transfusions, iron supplementation and hospitalization are frequently necessary. Flea bite anemia may even be fatal to some pets.
Treatment
To effectively eliminate fleas and prevent re-infestation, you must break the flea life cycle by killing flea eggs and larvae, which make up 95% of the flea population. Spot topical treatments like Advantage, Bio-spot, Hartz Advanced Care and Zodiac Spot On kill flea eggs, larvae and pupa. They will also kill and repel adult fleas.
Any serious flea associated illness, such as FAD, Tape Worms or Flea Bite Anemia, should be treated by your veterinarian.

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